This book presents the best practice, indications and drugs most used in the practice of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). In the last two decades NIV has made a lot of progress in different scenarios and etiologies of respiratory failure. The treatment of these patients frequently involves the use of drugs to control patient's symptoms such as dyspnea, discomfort and some of them can have direct or indirect effects on lung function. The volume is organized into various sections - dedicated both to adults as well as pediatrics - where the most frequent clinical conditions requiring for the use of a pharmacological support are described. Furthermore, this book is conceived as a quick reference guide including an analysis of the indications of drugs dosage and the pharmacological interactions that can be observed in lung function in patients undergoing NIV.