The book delves into the foundational principles and advanced concepts of thermodynamics and statistical physics, enriched with historical insights from Indian scientific thought. It begins with an engaging overview of ancient to modern Indian contributions to thermodynamics, fostering a cultural and philosophical context. It then systematically explores the laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell's relations, offering tools for deeper thermodynamic analysis and conclude with an in-depth treatment of the kinetic theory of gases, including Maxwell's distribution law and molecular collision theory. The book also guides the students through theoretical constructs and practical applications such as Carnot's cycle, internal combustion engines and real-world thermodynamic processes.