The discovery of nanoparticles is frequently cited as a significant achievement of human inventiveness in the modern era. This has given rise to the new field of nanotechnology and opened the door for a new technological revolution to take place all over the world. These changes could mark the beginning of a new Industrial Revolution that, over the next few years, could drastically alter practically every industrial sector. The basic science underlying nanotechnology, nanomaterials synthesis, nanomaterials characterization techniques, nanotechnology applications, discoveries, initiatives, difficulties, and prospects are all covered in detail in the book Nanotechnology - The Science of Small.